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<div id="dev-warning" class="admonition note">
  <p class="first admonition-title">Notice</p>
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  <section id="ceph">
<h1>Ceph 简介<a class="headerlink" href="#ceph" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>不管你是想让<a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-30"><span class="xref std std-term">云平台</span></a>提供 <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-17"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 对象存储</span></a>和/或
<a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-2"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 块设备</span></a>服务、
还是部署一个 <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-8"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 文件系统</span></a>、或者用 Ceph 干别的事，
所有 <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-28"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 存储集群</span></a>的部署都始于各 <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-15"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 节点</span></a>、
网络和 Ceph 存储集群的配置。
最简的 Ceph 存储集群至少要一个 Ceph 监视器、 Ceph 管理器、
和 Ceph OSD （对象存储守护进程）。要跑 Ceph 文件系统客户端的话，
还必须有 Ceph 元数据服务器。</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><strong>Monitors</strong>: <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-14"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 监视器</span></a>(<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceph-mon</span></code>) 维护着集群状态的各种运行图，包括监视器运行图、管理器运行图、
OSD 运行图、 MDS 运行图、和 CRUSH 图，
这些运行图都是很要紧的集群状态，
对于各种 Ceph 守护进程的相互协作必不可少。
监视器还负责管理守护进程和客户端之间的认证。
考虑到冗余性和高可用性，一般都要求至少有三个监视器。</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Managers</strong>: <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-11"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 管理器</span></a>守护进程（ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceph-mgr</span></code> ）
负责持续跟踪运行时指标和 Ceph 当前的状态，包括存储利用率、
当前的性能指标、和系统负载。
Ceph 管理器守护进程还托管着基于 python 的插件，
用于管理和展示 Ceph 集群信息，
包括一个基于网页的 <a class="reference internal" href="../../mgr/dashboard/#mgr-dashboard"><span class="std std-ref">Ceph 仪表盘</span></a> 和 <a class="reference external" href="../../mgr/restful">REST API</a> 。
为保障高可用性，一般要求至少有两个管理器。</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Ceph OSDs</strong>: <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-Ceph-OSD"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph OSD</span></a> （对象存储守护进程，
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceph-osd</span></code> ）负责存储数据、处理数据复制、恢复、重均衡、以及向 Ceph 监视器和管理器提供些监控信息，
如检查其它 Ceph OSD 守护进程的心跳。
为保障冗余性和高可用性，
一般需要至少 3 个 Ceph OSD 。</p></li>
<li><p><strong>MDSs</strong>: <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-13"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 元数据服务器</span></a>（ MDS ， <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ceph-mds</span></code> ）为 <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-8"><span class="xref std std-term">Ceph 文件系统</span></a>存储元数据
（也就是说， Ceph 块设备和 Ceph 对象存储不使用 MDS ）。
元数据服务器有益于 POSIX 文件系统用户执行基本命令，
（像 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ls</span></code> 、 <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find</span></code> 等等），
避免了给 Ceph 存储集群增加过重的负担。</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Ceph 把数据保存为逻辑存储池内的对象。根据 <a class="reference internal" href="../../glossary/#term-CRUSH"><span class="xref std std-term">CRUSH</span></a> 算法，
Ceph 可计算出哪个归置组应该持有指定对象，
然后进一步计算出哪个 OSD 守护进程持有归置组，
正因为有了 CRUSH 算法，
Ceph 存储集群才具备动态伸缩、重均衡和动态恢复功能。</p>
<div class="columns-2 docutils container">
<div class="column docutils container">
<h3>推荐</h3><p>开始把 Ceph 用于生产环境前，您应该看看我们的硬件建议和操作系统建议。</p>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../hardware-recommendations/">硬件推荐</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../hardware-recommendations/#cpu">CPU</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../hardware-recommendations/#ram">RAM 内存</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../hardware-recommendations/#id2">内存</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../hardware-recommendations/#id3">数据存储</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../hardware-recommendations/#id10">网络</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../hardware-recommendations/#id11">故障域</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../hardware-recommendations/#id12">最低硬件推荐</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../os-recommendations/">操作系统推荐</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../os-recommendations/#ceph">Ceph 依赖</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../os-recommendations/#id2">系统平台</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column docutils container">
<h3>参与</h3><p>欢迎您加入社区，贡献文档、代码，或发现软件缺陷。</p>
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<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../get-involved/">加入 Ceph 社区！</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../documenting-ceph/">贡献 Ceph 文档</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documenting-ceph/#id1">文档在源码库里的位置</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documenting-ceph/#id2">怎么看以前的 Ceph 文档</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documenting-ceph/#making-contributions">如何贡献</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documenting-ceph/#id13">文档风格指南</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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